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Thursday, July 19, 2018

The Japanese Chin: Royal Japanese Presents

The Japanese Chin has not always been known as the “Japanese
Chin.” In the beginning of the Japanese Chin in Europe and
America he was known as the Japanese Spaniel and although called
“Japanese,” there is no real proof that its native land is
Japan.

Chin posing

The Chin Dog in Japan was written in the early 1960s by Mr.
Koichi Uoi, Dr. Hideo Wakui and Dr. Seikoh Yoshida. In this book
they added a disclaimer about the name, which states: “The Chin
is heretofore called “Japanese Spaniel’ in Europe and America,
but the term must be a mistranslation, because the Chin is
neither of Spanish line, nor a house. Taking the opportunity of
publishing this book, we propose you call it ‘Chin’.” Still yet
another writer feels there has been a further mis-translation
and that “Spanish line” should read “spaniel.”

The Japanese Chin makes contact with the West by way of trade
between England and Japan which started in 1549. At that time it
was customary for gifts to be exchanged. Japanese Chin
historians believe it is very likely that the ‘Japanese’ race of
dogs was part of this trade and gifts.

In 1613 Captain Saris returned from Japan with dogs for the King
as a present from the Emperor. It is felt these dogs were
probably the Japanese Spaniel.

The historian Kaempfer visited Japan in 1691 for the Dutch East
India Company. He tells us since the reigning Emperor (Kin-Sen,
1687) came to the throne, there were more dogs bred in Japan
than anywhere else. The Japanese have long had a special love
for breeding dogs.

The Chief Factor for Japan of the East India Company from 1615
to 1623 was a man called Richard Cocks. Mr. Cocks kept a diary
of events during this his time period as the Chief Factor. He
complained about the enormous number of presents required to
help keep commerce relationships smooth between the Japanese and
the British. Dogs were presented as imperial gifts very often.
The custom of presenting dogs as Imperial gifts persisted to the
mid-19th century.

By the 19th century Japan was perceived as a country of real
importance to the USA. Japan’s harbors and coal deposits lay on
the main route from San Francisco to Shanghai.

Contact with the English-speaking world ended in 1623. In 1852 a
new American expedition visited Japan under the command of
Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry. When Perry arrived at the
coast of Japan on July 8th 1853 he brought with him several
gifts that were delivered to the Japanese with a great ceremony.
Among the gifts were:

•One quarter-size miniature steam engine, track, tender and car
•One Francis’ copper lifeboat
•One surf boat of copper
•Audubon’s Birds, in nine vols.
•Natural History of the State of New York, sixteen vols.
•Silver-topped dressing case
•Quarter-cask of Madeira
•Barrel of whisky
•Telescope and stand in box
•Flowered silk embroidered dress
•Six dozen assorted perfumery.

The Japanese were delighted by the generosity of the Americans.
However, the Americans were not so impressed by the gifts from
the Japanese.

The Japanese gifts were seven Japanese Chins (and because the
Japanese so adored their dogs, these were probably thought to be
very special and extra treasured gifts). Four Japanese Chins
were given to the Commodore as a gift for the President. William
Speiden, the fleet purser’s son was also given a Chin. Two other
Japanese Chin were taken back to America aboard a separate ship.
All total was five Japanese Chins taken on board Perry’s own
vessel. Three of these adorable creatures were reported to have
died en route. Two were later transferred to the British Admiral
Stirling’s ship and eventually presented to Queen Victoria. Two
Japanese Chins reached New York safely and were given to Mrs.
Augusta Belmont, Perry’s daughter.

The Commodore later learned that there are three articles which
in Japan, as he understood it, always formed part of an Imperial
present. These were:

•Rice
•Dried Fish
•And dogs.

Some also said Charcoal was included. Surely all these items
served some kind of symbol to the Japanese people, of which, he
did not learn of. The charcoal was part of the gifts given at
this time. And four small dogs of a rare breed were sent to the
President as part of the Japanese Emperor’s gift to the U.S.
Also public prints tell us two were put on board Admiral
Stirling’s ship for Her Majesty of England.

Dogs were always part of a Royal Japanese Present. And it was
always the kind you never see running on the streets. They were
carried in beautiful straw baskets when they were taken
outdoors. It was understood that the Royal Japanese Presents of
“dogs” and specifically the Japanese Chin were “rare and
costly.”

By contrast, those things considered “special” to the Americans
was a telescope standing in a box, a barrel of whiskey, New York
History books, books about birds………Apparently the Japanese
thought the Americans were very generous people, and the
Americans felt the little dogs, rice, dried fish and charcoal
was a poor display not worth over a thousand dollars some said.

I rather have the little dogs myself! I would have been
delighted and overjoyed to have received one of those little
Japanese Chins as opposed to a barrel of whiskey and books about
birds or the history of New York City!

I think all of us today who love the Japanese Chin realize just
the same as the Japanese people realized that they are a great
treasure to receive and to own.  To some of us, they are still
“Royal” Japanese Presents.

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