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Wednesday, September 13, 2017

Caring for Unthrifty and Premature Puppies

If this is your matron’s first litter she may become nervous or even terrified. Your attitude at this time is very important. The manner in which a matron accepts or rejects her offspring is often in direct response to your attitude or even the whelping box site.


Normal puppies are plump and firm at birth. They have good muscle and skin tones. The skin on the abdomen, feet and mouth is pink. If  puppies cry continuously or constantly squirm and crawl, these are signs of infant distress. Well-nourished, healthy puppies are warm, quiet and sleep most of the time. They yawn at awakening. Do not excessively handle newborn  puppies. Do not allow others to handle newborn  puppies. Only the breeder or caretaker should handle newborn puppies. Excessive handling of more than one person increases the chance of transmission of infections to the newborns.

UN-thrifty Puppies

UN-thrifty  puppies have poor muscle tone. Obvious signs of discomfort are constant crying and initially high levels of activity. UN-thrifty puppies appear thinner than siblings and are limp to touch because of poor muscle and skin tones. UN-thrifty  puppies may feel cold to your touch or cooler than their siblings. The skin over the abdomen, feet and mouth interiors may appear reddish purple or paled when compared to other siblings.

An UN-thrifty  puppy is usually incapable of sustained nursing and readily loses nipple contact with the dam. They become easily chilled. Such UN-thrifty puppies may respond positively to a few milliliters of raw liver juice fed daily for their first few weeks. Supplementary tube or bottle feeding for three or four days every four hours around the clock may be necessary. If you notice a weak, UN-thrifty  puppy, remove it from the litter and maintain it in the puppy box. You can place the puppy back on the dam at regular intervals under your close supervision. This way the dam is able to stay in touch with the weak UN-thrifty puppy. She will stimulate elimination, clean and nurture them at this time. This regular periodic tactile time helps avoid failure-to-thrive syndrome. Many weak and UN-thrifty  puppies can be successfully saved.

Premature Puppies

The first 24 hours are critical to premature puppies. They must be maintained on an hourly schedule. The next 48 hours requires an every 2 hour schedule around the clock. The following 48 hours can be stretched to a 3-hour schedule around the clock. By the fifth day, premature puppies, can be changed to 4-hour intervals. At one week, the night feedings only can be set to a 6-hour schedule, resuming 4-hour intervals during the day. This is a highly intense schedule for a breeder or puppy mid-wife. It must be maintained until the premature  puppies are ready for their first semisolid foods at about 13 days of age and after their eyes have opened. Many premature puppies can be saved on this routine.



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